My laboral project.

 

What I hope after finishing my career in management is a human resources degree and to obtain a position in a big company like Procter & Gamble, Unilever or even at Bimbo group. I want to enter and go climbing different hierarchical levels to get experience and knowledge across the enterprise and the different activities that take place in it.

 

I think that the most important resource of a company is the human capital, is it's people, they are who provide their expertise, energy and creativity to contribute to the growth of every organization. Because of this, after obtaining experience working within a company, I will create my own, where workers will be treated in their job with dignity, equity, justice and even where they will have good salaries.

 

I have a project about making my own coffee shop, it will be a place where every people can drink a delicious mocha, espresso or cappuccino with the company of a book or even with the screening of art films.

 

My coffee shop will be a responsible company that will have as suppliers to persons or companies with proper care of the environment to obtain their raw materials and also will be a company that hires the services of Mexican workers,  even promoting job in Mexico. My company will use biodegradable packaging to help care for the environment and promote a greener culture in our country.

 

I won’t sell only the status of to be sitting at my coffee shop like some others companies do, I will sell good products at a good price, in addition to making available to all those who attend my cafe a national and international culture through good books and films, because i think that the culture is the only way to our country to get a real growth.

 

I think that selling coffee at good prices and offer the culture and my products to a wider market sector that only to a high socioeconomic sectors are the things that will enable my coffee shop to have a competitive advantage that will allow it to be at the height of the large companies selling coffee in Mexico and even the world. I will start with a single cafe and then i will seek to expand my business and create a chain of coffee shops or franchises across all the country.

 

The most important thing of what i expect from here to that moment in my life is prepare myself to make an excellent work and do what it became my passion in the best way I can, no matter how much nights i won't sleep or how many homework I will have to do, because I know that in the end I will be the best administrator and with pride I will say that the UNAM taught me and made me the best.

 

Maybe my laboral project would sound some idealistic, but i think that if we don't think in a bigger and best way, we will never be the best. I will do my best to make real my expectatives, because i think that the way to be a big enterprise is not only selling bad products with good publicity to obtain bigger profits like actually some companies do.

Listening questions

First News

1. What is the principal component that increases the metabolism? Carnitine.
2. In which products can we find Carnitine? In energy drinks and protein supplements.
3. How many people were in the clinical study about Carnitine? 26 200 people.
4. Is it necessary to consume Carnitine? Why? No, because our body produces it.

Second News

1. Which was the principal place were the researchers found many dead bees? In farms.
2. What was the reason for the dead bees? Because the farmers needed to use pesticides and the pesticides were no regulated.
3. Why was necessary to use pesticides? Because there were many insects in the farmer's crops, and the pesticides are very effective against them.

Situation 24.

You have been standing in a queue, patiently, along with several other people, when an old lady elbows her away in front of you...

What would you do?

If she did it intentionally, at first, I would be angry, because I’ve been waiting and the old lady could do the same too, maybe I would tell her: -Excuse me ma'am everyone here is hurry but that's not a reason to be rude, can you wait a few minutes to your turn?... but if I saw that the lady is too old and she didn't do it intentionally, or if she looked sick or very tired I wouldn't tell her a word and I wouldn't do anything to make her see her 'mistake', because in that sense is understandable that the lady wanted to be first in the queue; however I think that no matter the age or gender, we have rules that govern us and we have to follow it if we want an harmonic society where everyone respects everyone.

Situation 24. Correction.

What would you do?

If she had done it intentionally, at first, I would be angry, because I would have been waiting and the old lady could have done the same too; maybe I would tell her: -"excuse me ma'am everyone here is in a hurry but that's not a reason to be rude, can you wait a few minutes for your turn?" But if I saw that the lady is too old and she didn't do it intentionally, or if she looked sick or very tired I wouldn't tell her a word and I wouldn't do anything to make her see her 'mistake', because in that sense it is understandable that the lady wanted to be the first in the queue; however I think that regardless of the age or gender, we have rules that govern us and we have to follow them if we want a harmonic society where everyone respects everyone.

About what was wrong...

I think that the main problems in my first answer were caused because i was confused and i didn't use the past perfect (e.g. if i had done) when i had to use it and  the same thing happened with the conditional perfect (e.g. if i would have done); but also i think that i can make it better if i read more and i practice with using the past perfect and conditional perfect i will make less mistakes.

What about management and the environmental care?

1. Social responsibility is an ethical or theory that an entity, be it an organization or individual, has an obligation to act to benefit society at large. Social responsibility is a duty every individual or organization has to perform so as to maintain a balance between the economy and the ecosystem.
2. Sustainable development: It refers to a mode of human development in which resource use aims to meet human needs while preserving the environment so that these needs can be met not only in the present, but also for generations to come. The concept of sustainable development has in the past most often been broken out into three constituent parts: environmental sustainability, economic sustainability and sociopolitical sustainability.
3. Socially responsible investing (SRI): also known as sustainable, socially conscious, "green" or ethical investing, is any investment strategy which seeks to consider both financial return and social good. In general, socially responsible investors encourage corporate practices that promote environmental stewardship, consumer protection, human rights, and diversity. In 2006, the United Nations Environment Programme launched its Principles for Responsible Investment. The Principles provide a framework to help investors incorporate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors into the investment process.
4. The Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC): is an international treaty that sets binding obligations on industrialized countries to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases. The UNFCCC is an environmental treaty with the goal of preventing "dangerous" anthropogenic interference of the climate system. 190 countries (all UN members, except Afghanistan, Andorra, Canada, South Sudan and the United States), as well as the European Union are Parties to the Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol target was a 5.2% decrease in emissions of greenhouse gases in the world, relative to 1990 levels during the period 2008-2012.
5. Biophysical environment: is the biotic and abiotic surrounding of an organism, or population, and includes particularly the factors that have an influence in their survival, development and evolution.
6. Biotic: It describes a living or once living component of a community; for example organisms, such as plants and animals.
7. Abiotic: abiotic components are non-living chemical and physical factors in the environment, which affect ecosystems; abiotic factors can be classified as light or more generally radiation, temperature, water, atmospheric gases, or soil.
8. Environmental sustainability: It involves making decisions and taking action that are in the interests of protecting the natural world, with particular emphasis on preserving the capability of the environment to support human life.
9. Economic sustainability: Is the term used to identify various strategies that make it possible to use available resources to their best advantage. The idea is to promote the use of those resources in a way that is both efficient and responsible, and likely to provide long-term benefits. In the case of a business operation, it calls for using resources so that the business continues to function over a number of years, while consistently returning a profit.
10. Brundtland Commission: Its mission is to unite countries to pursue sustainable development together. It established to recommend ways in which concern for the environment may be translated into greater co-operation among developing countries and between countries at different stages of economic and social development and lead to the achievement of common and mutually supportive objectives which take account of the interrelationships between people, resources, environment and development; to consider ways and means by which the international community can deal more effectively with environmental concerns, in the light of the other recommendations in its report and another resolutions.
11. Carbon dioxide (CO2): is a naturally occurring chemical compound composed of two oxygen atoms covalently bonded to a single carbon atom. It is a gas at standard temperature and pressure and exists in Earth's atmosphere in this state, as a trace gas at a concentration of 0.039 per cent by volume.
12. Climate change: is a significant and lasting change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It may be a change in average weather conditions, or in the distribution of weather around the average conditions. Climate change is caused by factors that include oceanic processes, variations in solar radiation received by Earth, plate tectonics and volcanic eruptions, and human-induced alterations of the natural world; these latter effects are currently causing global warming, and "climate change" is often used to describe human-specific impacts.
13. Weather: is the state of the atmosphere, to the degree that it is hot or cold, wet or dry, calm or stormy, clear or cloudy.
14. Acid rain:  is a rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that it possesses elevated levels of hydrogen ions. It can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals, and infrastructure. Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen, which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids. The principal cause of acid rain is sulfur and nitrogen compounds from human sources, such as electricity generation, factories, and motor vehicles.
15. Sulfur dioxide: Is the chemical compound with the formula SO2. It is a toxic gas with a pungent, irritating smell that is released by volcanoes and in various industrial processes.
16. Nitric oxide: It is produced during combustion, especially at high temperature; is a by-product of combustion of substances in the air, as in automobile engines, fossil fuel power plants, and is produced naturally during the electrical discharges of lightning in thunderstorms.
17. Greenhouse gas (GHG): is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range. This process is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect. The primary greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere are water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone.
18. Ozone: Is a triatomic molecule, consisting of three oxygen atoms. It is an allotrope of oxygen that is much less stable than the diatomic allotrope (O2), breaking down in the lower atmosphere to normal dioxygen. Ozone is formed from dioxygen by the action of ultraviolet light and also atmospheric electrical discharges, and is present in low concentrations throughout the Earth's atmosphere. In total, ozone makes up only 0.6 parts per million of the atmosphere. Exposure to ozone and the pollutants that produce it is linked to premature death, asthma, bronchitis, heart attack, and other cardiopulmonary problems.
19. Heart attack: Myocardial infarction (MI) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI), commonly known as a heart attack, results from the interruption of blood supply to a part of the heart, causing heart cells to die.
20. Bronchitis: is an inflamation of the mucous membranes of the bronchi (the larger and medium-sized airways that carry airflow from the trachea into the more distal parts of thelung parenchyma.
21. Asthma: is a common chronic inflammatorydisease of the airways characterized by variable and recurring symptoms, reversible airflow obstruction, and bronchospasm. Common symptoms include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath.
22. Methane: is a chemical compound with the chemical formula CH4. It is the simplest alkane, the main component of natural gas, and probably[citation needed] the most abundant organic compound on earth. The relative abundance of methane makes it an attractive fuel. However, because it is a gas at normal conditions, methane is difficult to transport from its source. Methane is a relatively potent greenhouse gas.
23. Exhaust gas: or flue gas is emitted as a result of the combustion of fuels such as natural gas, gasoline, petrol, diesel fuel, fuel oil or coal. The largest part of most combustion gas is nitrogen (N2), water vapor (H2O) (except with pure-carbon fuels), and carbon dioxide (CO2) 
24. Greenhouse effect: is a process by which thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases, and is re-radiated in all directions. Since part of this re-radiation is back towards the surface and the lower atmosphere, it results in an elevation of the average surface temperature above what it would be in the absence of the gases
25. Sociopolitical sustainability: Social sustainability encompasses human rights, labor rights, and corporate governance. In common with environmental sustainability, social sustainability is the idea that future generations should have the same or greater access to social resources as the current generation, while there should also be equal access to social resources within the current generation.
26. Principles of Responsible Investment (PRI): is an initiative and a set of aspirational and voluntary guidelines for investment entities wishing to address environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) issues. The six principles provide a global framework for mainstream investors to consider these ESG issues. The PRI Initiative has also been created alongside the Principles to help put the framework into practice. The six principles were:1) We will incorporate ESG issues into investment analysis and decision-making processes; 2) We will be active owners and incorporate ESG issues into our ownership policies and practices; 3) We will seek appropriate disclosure on ESG issues by the entities in which we invest; 4) We will promote acceptance and implementation of the Principles within the investment industry; 5) We will work together to enhance our effectiveness in implementing the Principles; 6) We will each report on our activities and progress towards implementing the Principles.
27. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP): Is an international institution (a programme, rather than an agency of the UN) that coordinates United Nations environmental activities, assisting developing countries in implementing environmentally sound policies and practices. It was founded as a result of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in June 1972 and has its headquarters in the Gigiri neighborhood of Nairobi, Kenya. UNEP also has six regional offices and various country offices.
28. Sustainable business, or green business: is an enterprise to be that has minimal negative impact on the global or local environment, community, society, or economy—a business that strives to meet the triple bottom line. Often, sustainable businesses have progressive environmental and human rights policies. In general, business is described as green if it matches the following four criteria: 1) It incorporates principles of sustainability into each of its business decisions. 2) It supplies environmentally friendly products or services that replace demand for non-green products and/or services. 3) It is greener than traditional competition. 4) It has made an enduring commitment to environmental principles in its business operations.
29. LEED certification: Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design standards were developed by the US Green Building Council in an effort to propel green building design in the United States. LEED certification is very prestigious title and can be attained through compliance with all environmental laws and regulations, occupancy scenarios, building permanence and pre-rating completion, site boundaries and area-to-site ratios, and obligatory five-year sharing of whole building energy and water use data from the start of occupancy (for new construction) or date of certification (for existing buildings).
30. Sustainable agriculture: it may be defined as consisting of environmentally friendly methods of farming that allow the production of crops or livestock without damage to human or natural systems. More specifically, it might be said to include preventing adverse effects to soil, water, biodiversity, surrounding or downstream resources. Its elements are Agroforestry, Mixed Farming, Multiple Cropping and Crop Rotation
31. Agroforestry: According to the World Agroforestry Centre, agroforestry is a collective name for land use systems and practices in which woody perennials are deliberately integrated with crops and/or animals on the same land management unit. The integration can be either in a spatial mixture or in a temporal sequence. There are normally both ecological and economic interactions between woody and non-woody components in agroforestry.
32. Mixed Farming: Many farmers in tropical & temperate countries survive by managing a mix of different crops or animals. The best known form of mixing occurs probably where crop residues are used to feed the animals and the excreta from animals are used as nutrients for the crop. Other forms of mixing takes place where grazing under fruit trees keeps the grass short or where manure from pigs is used to feed the fish. Mixed farming exists in many forms depending on external and internal factors. External factors are: Weather Patterns, Market Prices, Political Stability and Technological Development. Internal factors relate to Local Soil Characteristics, Composition of family and Farmer’s Ingenuity. Mixed Farming provides farmers with a) an opportunity to diversify risk from single-crop production; b) to use labour more efficiently; c) to have a source of cash for purchasing farm inputs; d) to add value to crop or crop by-product; e) combining crops and livestocks.
33. Multiple cropping: The process of growing two or more crops in the same piece of land, during the same season is called Multiple Cropping. It can be rightly called a form of polyculture.
34. Crop rotation: The process of growing two or more dissimilar or unrelated crops in the same piece of land in different seasons is known as Crop Rotation. This process could be adopted as it comes with a series of benefits like a) avoid the buildup of pests that often occurs when one species is continuously cropped; b) the traditional element of crop rotation is the replenishment of nitrogen through the use of green manure in sequence with cereals and other crops; c) Crop rotation can also improve soil structure and fertility by alternating deep-rooted and shallow-rooted plants; d) it is a component of polyculture.
35. Polyculture: Polyculture is agriculture using multiple crops in the same space, in imitation of the diversity of natural ecosystems, and avoiding large stands of single crops, or monoculture.
36. Monoculture: is the agricultural practice of producing or growing a single crop or plant species over a wide area and for a large number of consecutive years. It is widely used in modern industrial agriculture and its implementation has allowed for large harvests from minimal labour.
37. Pesticides: are substances or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling or mitigating any pest They are a class of biocide. The most common use of pesticides is as plant protection products (also known as crop protection products), which in general protect plants from damaging influences such as weeds, diseases or insects.
38. Renewable energy: is energy that comes from resources which are continually replenished such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geothermal heat. About 16% of global final energy consumption comes from renewable resources, with 10% of all energy from traditional biomass, mainly used for heating, and 3.4% from hydroelectricity.
39. Hydroelectricity: is the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower; the production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water.
40. Industrial ecology (IE): is the study of material and energy flows through industrial systems. The global industrial economy can be modeled as a network of industrial processes that extract resources from the Earth and transform those resources into commodities which can be bought and sold to meet the needs of humanity.
41. Green building (also known as green construction or sustainable building): It refers to a structure and using process that is environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition. This requires close cooperation of the design team, the architects, the engineers, and the client at all project stages.
42. Conservation development: also known as conservation design, is a controlled-growth land use development that adopts the principle for allowing limited sustainable development while protecting the area's natural environmental features in perpetuity, including preserving open space landscape and vista, protecting farmland or natural habitats for wildlife, and maintaining the character of rural communities.
43. Carrying capacity: Is the maximum population size of the species that the environment can sustain indefinitely, given the food, habitat, water and other necessities available in the environment.
44. Ecology: is the scientific study of the relationships that living organisms have with each other and with their abiotic environment.
45. Deforestation: is clearing Earth's forests on a massive scale, often resulting in damage to the quality of the land.
46. Soil contamination: is caused by the presence of xenobiotic (human-made) chemicals or other alteration in the natural soil environment. It is typically caused by industrial activity, agricultural chemicals, or improper disposal of waste.
47. Soil conservation: is a set of management strategies for prevention of soil being eroded from the Earth’s surface or becoming chemically altered by overuse, aciilidification, salinization or other chemical soil contamination. It is a component of environmental soil science. Decisions regarding appropriate crop rotation, cover crops, and planted windbreaks are central to the ability of surface soils to retain their integrity, both with respect to erosive forces and chemical change from nutrient depletion.
48. Habitat conservation: is a land management practice that seeks to conserve, protect and restore habitat areas for wild plants and animals, especially conservation reliant species, and prevent their extinction, fragmentation or reduction in range.
49. Biodiversity: is the degree of variation of life forms within a given species, ecosystem, biome, or an entire planet.
50. Litter: consists of waste products that have been disposed improperly, without consent, in an inappropriate location. Litter can also be used as a verb. To litter means to throw (often man-made) objects onto the ground and leave them as opposed to disposing of them properly.

Because one hundred were insufficient

1. Pay sheet: It’s the total amount of money paid in wages, is a list of employees and their salaries.
2. Interview: An interview is a conversation between two or more people where questions are asked by the interviewer to elicit facts or statements from the interviewee.
3. Ethics: is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct
4. Pricing: Pricing is the process of determining what a company will receive in exchange for its products. Pricing factors are manufacturing cost, market place, competition, market condition, and quality of product.
5. Manufacturing cost: Manufacturing cost is the sum of costs of all resources consumed in the process of making a product. The manufacturing cost is classified into three categories: direct materials cost, direct labor cost and manufacturing overhead.
6. Direct material cost: Direct materials are the raw materials that become a part of the finished product. Manufacturing adds value to raw materials by applying a chain of operations to maintain a deliverable product.
7. Direct labor cost: The direct labor cost is the cost of workers who can be easily identified with the unit of production. Types of labor who are considered to be part of the direct labor cost are the assembly workers on an assembly line.
8. Manufacturing overhead: Manufacturing overhead is any manufacturing cost that is neither direct materials cost nor direct labor cost. Manufacturing overhead includes all charges that provide support to manufacturing.
9. Marketing mix: The marketing mix is a business tool used in marketing and by marketing professionals. The marketing mix is often crucial when determining a product or brand's offering, and is often synonymous with the four Ps: price, product, promotion, and place. Lauterborn proposed a four Cs classification in 1993, which is a more consumer-oriented version of the four Ps that attempts to better fit the movement from mass marketing to niche marketing; the four Cs are: consumer, cost, communication and convenience.
10. Product: A product is seen as an item that satisfies what a consumer needs or wants. It is a tangible good or an intangible service.
11. Price: The price is the amount a customer pays for the product. The price is very important as it determines the company's profit and hence, survival.
12. Promotion: It represents all of the methods of communication that a marketer may use to provide information to different parties about the product. Promotion comprises elements such as: advertising, public relations, personal selling and sales promotion.
13. Product distribution (Place): Is one of the four elements of the marketing mix. Distribution is the process of making a product or service available for use or consumption by a consumer or business user, using direct means, or using indirect means with intermediaries.
14. Advertising: Is a form of communication for marketing and used to encourage, persuade, or manipulate an audience
15. Sale: is the act of selling a product or service in return for money or other compensation; it is an act of completion of a commercial activity.
16. Public relations: is the practice of managing the flow of information between an individual or an organization and the public.
17. Intermediary (or go-between): Is a third party that offers intermediation services between two trading parties. The intermediary acts as a conduit for goods or services offered by a supplier to a consumer.
18. Customer Perceived value of a product: Is the difference between the prospectives customer's evaluation of all the benefits and all the cost of an offering and  the perceived alternatives.
19. Brand management: Brand management is a communication function that includes analysis and planning on how that brand is positioned in the market, which target public the brand is targeted at, and maintaining a desired reputation of the brand. Developing a good relationship with target publics is essential for brand management.
20. Brand engagement: is a term loosely used to describe the process of forming an attachment (emotional and rational) between a person and a brand. It comprises one aspect of brand management. What makes the topic complex is that brand engagement is partly created by institutions and organizations, but is equally created by the perceptions, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors of those with whom these institutions and organizations are communicating or engaging with.
21. Employer branding: Employer brand denotes an organization’s reputation as an employer.
22. Persuasion: is the influence of beliefs, attitudes, intentions, motivations, or behaviors.
23. Sales pitch: sales pitch is a line of talk that attempts to persuade someone or something, with a planned sales presentation strategy of a product or service designed to initiate and close a sale of the product or service.
24. Scarcity: is the fundamental economic problem of having seemingly unlimited human wants and needs in a world of limited resources.
25. Consumer: ‘Product’ part of the four Ps model is replaced by ‘Consumer’, shifting the focus to satisfying the consumer needs. By defining offerings as individual capabilities that are combined and focused to a specific industry, the result is a custom solution rather than the pigeon-holing of a customer into a product.
26. Cost: ‘Price’ is replaced by ‘Cost’, reflecting the total cost of ownership. Many factors affect Cost, including but not limited to the customer's cost to change or implement the new product or service and the customer's cost for not selecting a competitor's product or service.
27. Communication: ‘Promotion’ is replaced by ‘Communication’, which represents a broader focus. Communications can include advertising, public relations, personal selling, viral advertising, and any form of communication between the organization and the consumer
28. Convenience: ‘Place’ is replaced by ‘Convenience’. With the rise of Internet and hybrid models of purchasing, Place is becoming less relevant. Convenience takes into account the ease of buying the product, finding the product, finding information about the product, and several other factors.
29. Viral marketing: Are buzzwords referring to marketing techniques that use pre-existing social networks and other technologies to produce increases in brand awareness or to achieve other marketing objectives (such as product sales) through self-replicating viral processes, analogous to the spread of viruses or computer viruses.
30. Social proof: Also known as informational social influence is a psychological phenomenon where people assume the actions of others in an attempt to reflect correct behavior for a given situation. This effect is prominent in ambiguous social situations where people are unable to determine the appropriate mode of behavior, and is driven by the assumption that surrounding people possess more knowledge about the situation.
31. Trade-off: is a situation that involves losing one quality or aspect of something in return for gaining another quality or aspect. It often implies a decision to be made with full comprehension of both the upside and downside of a particular choice; the term is also used in an evolutionary context, in which case the selection process acts as the ‘decision-maker’.
32. Market segmentation: is a marketing strategy that involves dividing a broad target market into subsets of consumers who have common needs, And then be designed and implemented to target these specific customer segments, addressing needs or desires that are believed to be common in this segment, using media that is used by the market segment.
33. Loyalty marketing: Loyalty marketing is an approach to marketing, based on strategic management, in which a company focuses on growing and retaining existing customers through incentives.
34. Product differentiation: is the process of distinguishing a product or offering from others, to make it more attractive to a particular target market.
35. Target market: is a group of customers that the business has decided to aim its marketing efforts and ultimately its merchandisetowards.
36. Imperfect competition: is the competitive situation in any market where the sellers in the market sell different/dissimilar of goods, (heterogenous) that does not meet the conditions of perfect competition. Forms of imperfect competition include oligopoly and monopolistic competition.
37. Oligopoly: is a market form in which a market or industry is dominated by a small number of sellers (oligopolists). A general lack of competition can lead to higher costs for consumers.
38. Monopolistic competition: is a type of imperfect competition such that many producers sell products that are differentiated from one another as goods but not perfect substitutes. In monopolistic competition, a firm takes the prices charged by its rivals as given and ignores the impact of its own prices on the prices of other firms.
39. Barriers to entry into market: A cost of producing which must be borne by a firm which seeks to enter an industry but is not borne by firms already in the industry is anything that allows incumbent firms to earn supernormal profits without threat of entry.
40. Perfect competition: It describes markets such that no participants are large enough to have the market power to set the price of a homogeneous product. Because the conditions for perfect competition are strict, there are few if any perfectly competitive markets.
41. Niche market: is the subset of the market on which a specific product is focusing. So the market niche defines the specific product features aimed at satisfying specific market needs, as well as the price range, production quality and the demographics that is intended to impact.
42. Supply and demand: Is an economic model of price determination in a market. It concludes that in a competitive market, the unit price for a particular good will vary until it settles at a point where the quantity demanded by consumers (at current price) will equal the quantity supplied by producers (at current price), resulting in an economic equilibrium for price and quantity.
43. Marginal cost: Is the change in total cost that arises when the quantity produced changes by one unit. That is, it is the cost of producing one more unit of a good.
44. Investment: is related to saving and deferring consumption. Investment is involved in many areas of the economy, such as business management and finance whether for households, firms, or governments.
45. Bank: is a financial institution and a financial intermediary that accepts deposits and channels those deposits into lending activities, either directly by loaning or indirectly through capital markets.
46. Opportunity cost: is the cost of any activity measured in terms of the value of the next best alternative forgone (that is not chosen).
47. Check: is a document that orders a payment of money from a bank account.
48. Depreciation: Is the decrease in value of assets (fair value depreciation), or the allocation of the cost of assets to periods in which the assets are used.
49. Corporate identity: is the overall image of a corporation or firm or business in the minds of diverse publics, such as customers and investors and employees. It is a primary task of the corporate communications department to maintain and build this identity to accord with and facilitate the attainment of business objectives.
50. Publicity: is the deliberate attempt to manage the public's perception of a subject.

Maybe we need another 50 definitions to say what's management

The first general theories of management appeared around 1916. Henri Fayol was the first to systematize management behavior and established the 14 principles of management in his book General and Industrial Management.

1. Division of work. The tasks to develop and staff should be specialize in order to achieve efficiency.
2. Authority and responsibility. Authority is the ability to give orders and expect obedience from others; it creates responsibility.
3. Discipline. Obedience, dedication, behavior and respect for the rules.
4. Unity of command. Workers should receive orders from only one manager.
5. Unity of direction. The entire organization should be moving towards a common objective in a common direction.
6. Subordination of individual interests to the general interests. The interests of one person should not take priority over the interests of the organization as a whole.
7. Remuneration. Many variables, such as cost of living, supply of qualified personnel, general business conditions, and success of the business, should be considered in determining a worker’s rate of pay.
8. Centralization. Fayol defined centralization as lowering the importance of the subordinate role. Decentralization is increasing the importance. The degree to which centralization or decentralization should be adopted depends on the specific organization in which the manager is working.
9. Scalar chain. Managers in hierarchies are part of a chain like authority scale. Each manager, from the first line supervisor to the president, possess certain amounts of authority. The President possesses the most authority; the first line supervisor the least. Lower level managers should always keep upper level managers informed of their work activities. The existence of a scalar chain and adherence to it are necessary if the organization is to be successful.
10. Order. For the sake of efficiency and coordination, all materials and people related to a specific kind of work should be treated as equally as possible.
11. Equity. All employees should be treated as equally as possible.
12. Stability of tenure of personnel. Retaining productive employees should always be a high priority of management. Recruitment and Selection Costs, as well as increased product-reject rates are usually associated with hiring new workers.
13. Initiative. Management should take steps to encourage worker initiative, which is defined as new or additional work activity undertaken through self direction.
14. Team Spirit. Management should encourage harmony and general good feelings among employees.

In other hands, we have another definitions that can helps us to know a little bit more about management.

1. Committee. A working group under the laws or rules of an organization, institution or entity has established certain powers.
2. Flowchart. Graphical representation of the logical sequence that is followed and a set of activities, documents, files, and the jobs that goes into a detailed procedure.
3. Organization chart. Graphical representation of the organizational structure of a company.
4. Manual.  Administrative instrument that contains explicitly, orderly and systematic information on objectives, policies, responsibilities, organization and procedures of the organs of an undertaking, and instructions or agreements deemed necessary to carry out the work assigned to staff, taking as reference the objectives of the institution.
5. Organization Manual. Explain the most important details of the organization usually include the purpose of each element of the organization, function declarations and a glossary of terms.
6. Policy Manual. This contains the company policies that are flexible rules.
7. Bussines. It relates to the state of being busy either as an individual or society, as a whole, doing a commercially viable and profitable work.
8. Reengineering. It’s the fundamental reconception business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in performance measures such as cost, quality, service and speed, in this process are identified that may represent extra costs and delays for the company.
9. Reporting. It is the activity to keep informed of what is happening to those to whom the leader is responsible, m is the existence of records, documentation, research and inspections.
10. Sole proprietorship. It is a business owned by one person for-profit. The owner may operate the business alone or may employ others. The owner of the business has unlimited liability for the debts incurred by the business.
11. Partnership. It is a business owned by two or more people. In most forms of partnerships, each partner has unlimited liability for the debts incurred by the business. The three typical classifications of for-profit partnerships are general partnerships, limited partnerships, and limited liability partnerships.
12. Corporation. A corporation is a limited liability business that has a separate legal personality from its members. Corporations can be either government-owned or privately owned, and corporations can organize either for-profit or not-for-profit. A privately owned, for-profit corporation is owned by shareholders who elect a board of directors to direct the corporation and hire its managerial staff. A privately owned, for-profit corporation can be either privately held or publicly held.
13. Cooperative. It is a limited liability business that can organize for-profit or not-for-profit. A cooperative differs from a for-profit corporation in that it has members, as opposed to shareholders, who share decision-making authority. Cooperatives are typically classified as either consumer cooperatives or worker cooperatives. Cooperatives are fundamental to the ideology of economic democracy.
14. Consumer. A consumer is a person or group of people who are the final users of products and or services generated within a social system. A consumer may be a person or group, such as a household. The concept of a consumer may vary significantly by context, although a common definition is an individual who buys products or services for personal use and not for manufacture or resale.
15. Market sector. It describes a set of businesses that are buying and selling such similar goods and services that they are in direct competition with each other.
16. Budgeting. It includes matters relating to the development, implementation and monitoring.
17. Intellectual property. Is a legal concept which refers to creations of the mind for which exclusive rights are recognized.
18. Patents. A patent grants an inventor exclusive rights to make, use, sell, and import an invention for a limited period of time, in exchange for the public disclosure of the invention. An invention is a solution to a specific technological problem, which may be a product or a process.
19. Industrial design right. An industrial design right protects the visual design of objects that are not purely utilitarian. An industrial design consists of the creation of a shape, configuration or composition of pattern or color, or combination of pattern and color in three dimensional form containing aesthetic value. An industrial design can be a two- or three-dimensional pattern used to produce a product, industrial commodity or handicraft.
20. Copyright. A copyright gives the creator of an original work exclusive right to it, usually for a limited time.
21. Trademark. A trademark is a recognizable sign, design or expression which identifies products or services of a particular source from those of others. 
22. Trade dress. Trade dress is a legal term of art that generally refers to characteristics of the visual appearance of a product or its packaging (or even the design of a building) that signify the source of the product to consumers.
23. Trade secrets. A trade secret is a formula, practice, process, design, instrument, pattern, or compilation of information which is not generally known or reasonably ascertainable, by which a business can obtain an economic advantage over competitors or customers.
24. Commerce: Commerce is the whole system of an economy that constitutes an environment for business.
25. Mass production. Mass production is the production of large amounts of standardized products, including and especially on assembly lines.
26. Import.  It consist of transactions in goods and services (sales, barter, gifts or grants) from non-residents residents to residents.
27. Manufacturing. Manufacturing is the production of goods for use or sale using labor and machines, tools, chemical and biological processing, or formulation.
28. Industry. Industry is the production of an economic good or service within an economy; is often classified into three sectors: primary or extractive, secondary or manufacturing, and tertiary or services.
29. Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship is the act and art of being an entrepreneur or one who undertakes innovations or introducing new things, finance and business acumen in an effort to transform innovations into economic goods. This may result in new organizations or may be part of revitalizing mature organizations in response to a perceived opportunity.
30. Business incubators. Business incubators are programs designed to support the successful development of entrepreneurial companies through an array of business support resources and services, developed and orchestrated by incubator management and offered both in the incubator and through its network of contacts. Incubators vary in the way they deliver their services, in their organizational structure, and in the types of clients they serve.
31. Just In Time strategy. Is a production strategy that strives to improve a business return on investment by reducing in-process inventory and associated carrying costs.
32. Ownership. Ownership of property may be private, collective, or common and the property may be objects, land/real estate, or intellectual property. Determining ownership in law involves determining who has certain rights and duties over the property. 
33. Tax. is a financial charge or other levy imposed upon a taxpayer (an individual or legal entity) by a state or the functional equivalent of a state such that failure to pay is punishable by law.
34. Workflow. A workflow consists of a sequence of concatenated (connected) steps. Emphasis is on the flow paradigm, where each step follows the precedent without delay or gap and ends just before the subsequent step may begin.
35. Processes. A process is a more specific notion than workflow and can apply to physical or biological processes, for instance. In the context of concepts surrounding work, a process may be distinguished from a workflow by the fact that it has well-defined inputs, outputs and purposes, while the notion of workflow may apply more generally to any systematic pattern of activit.
36. Innovation. Innovation is the development of new values through solutions that meet new needs, inarticulate needs, or old customer and market needs in value adding new ways.

Only 50 definitions, not enough to say what's Management

Systematizing words

1. Management. The process of planning, organizing, directing and controlling the use of the different resources (human, technological, financial, and material resources) to achieve the company's goals
2. Company. Is an organization, institution or industry, or activities dedicated to pursuing economic or commercial purposes
3. Resources. Means that an organization has to work properly
4. Human resources. Is the work transferring all of the employees or collaborators of an organization
5. Human Resources (RRHH). Management function that deals with recruitment, selection, contracting, induction, training and development of employees in the organization
6. Recruitment. The Human Resources Department must decide whether to hire an individual seasonal, contract, part-time or full. After the decision, disclosed the vacant position to attract individuals with the necessary characteristics
7. Selection. To decide whether or not to hire candidates from the search performed previously
8. Training and development of employees. This is the process of acquiring technical knowledge and skills that will enhance the performance of employees in their duties.
9. Financial resources. Are cash and all financial assets that have a degree of liquidity
10. Coaching. Is a technique that has emerged to improve the performance of employees, working with them in different areas. Coaching methodically develops the skills and abilities of people, doing to improve the self-esteem of individuals and the performance of the functions and duties of the job
11. Material resources. It is known as an enterprise resource materials to those tangible with which the company in question will be able to offer their facilities and services such as raw material
12. Technological resources. Is a medium that uses technology to fulfill its purpose
13. Shareholder. Is an equity partner that participates in the management of the company to the same extent that it provides capital to
14. Marketing. Is a process that involves the identification of needs and wants of the target market, the development of consumer-oriented goals, building strategies that create superior value, the implementation of customer relationship and retention of consumer value to achieve benefits
15. Planning. Deciding what needs to happen in the future,may be today, next year, etc. generating plans for action
16. Mission. It describes the basic function of production or service that the company develops and is the reason for its existence; exposes what the company does
17. Vision. The vision of the business reflects its aspirations and specifies its intended direction or future destination
18. Policies. The business's policy is a guide that stipulates rules, regulations and objectives, and may be used in the managers' decision-making. It must be flexible and easily interpreted and understood by all the employees
19. Strategy. It refers to the coordinated plan of action that it is going to take, as well as the resources that it will use, to realize its vision and long-term objectives. It is a guideline to managers, stipulating how they ought to allocate and utilize the factors of production to the business's advantage
20. Organizing. Pattern of relationships among workers, making optimum use of the resources required to enable the successful carrying out of the plans
21. Directing. Determining what to do in a situation and getting people to do it. For this, must have leadership, communication and motivational skills
22. Motivation. Desire to devote much effort to the company's goals, conditioned by the effort ability to satisfy some individual needs
23. Comunication. Is the process by which information can be passed from one entity to another
24. Leadership. is the set of managerial skills or directives that an individual has to influence the way of being of persons or a group of persons, making this team work enthusiastically in achieving goals and objectives
25. Controlling. Checking progress against plans and correcting wrong processes
26. Staffing. Job analysis, recruitment and hiring for appropriate jobs
27. Feedback. Process in which the effect or output of an action is returned to modify the next management action
28. Franchise. Is the granting of rights to use a product, business or trade name, granted by a company to one or more people in an area
29. Input. Is the term denoting either an entrance or changes which are inserted into a system and which activate or modify a process, such as raw material
30. Warehouse. Location or physical space for the storage of goods within the supply chain
31. Output. Is the term denoting either an exit or changes which exit a system and which activate or modify a process, it may be the final product
32. Benchmarking. Process of comparison between operations and performance with other companies known for its excellence
33. Outsourcing. Some activities are made by other companies that are able to do these better and cheaper
34. Empowerment. Strengthening of the Human Resources through the concession of autonomy and responsibility todo their work
35. Hierarchy of authority. Is the criterion for establishing an order of superiority or subordination between employees and people in a company
36. Organization power structure. The amount of authority increases with each level higher a person or organization is in hierarchy. The ultimate power remains with the person or organization at the very top of the hierarchy, with that position holding the authority to make final decisions in all matters
37. Top-level managers. Consists of board of directors, president, vice-president, CEOs, etc. They're responsible for controlling and overseeing the entire organization. They develop goals, strategic plans, company policies, and make decisions on the direction of the business. In addition, top-level managers play a significant role in the mobilization of outside resources and are accountable to the shareholders and general public
38. Middle-level managers. Consist of general managers, branch managers and department managers. They are accountable to the top management for their department's function. They devote more time to organizational and directional functions. Their roles can be emphasized as executing organizational plans in conformance with the company's policies and the objectives of the top management, they define and discuss information and policies from top management to lower management, and most importantly they inspire and provide guidance to lower level managers towards better performance
39. First-level managers. Consist of supervisors, section leads, foremen, etc. They focus on controlling and directing. They usually have the responsibility of assigning employees tasks, guiding and supervising employees on day-to-day activities, ensuring quality and quantity production, making recommendations, suggestions, and upchanneling employee problems, etc. They are role models for employees 
40. Wage. Is the sum of goods or money received periodically from your employer a worker for a certain period of work or a specific product of their work
41. Employee. Is a person providing their labor to an employer for wages
42. Payroll. Is the sum of all financial records of salaries for an employee, wages, bonuses and deductions
43. Chief Executive Officer (CEO). Is the highest authority in charge of the call management and administrative leadership in an organization
44. Effectiveness. Is the ability to achieve the expected effect is desired or after performing an action
45. Efficiency. Is the ability to have someone or something to achieve a particular goal with the best use of resources
46. Productivity. Is the relationship between the quantity of products obtained by a production system and the resources used for this production, also it is the relationship between the results and the time taken to obtain. Effectiveness + Efficiency = Productivity
47. Division of labor. Specialize the tasks to develop and staff in their work
48. Bureaucracy. Is the organization or organizational structure characterized by regularized procedures and explicit, division of responsibilities and specialization of labor, hierarchy, and impersonal relationships
49. Economics. It's the manner or means of meeting human needs through the resources that are considered scarce
50. Accounting. Is responsible for testing, measuring and analyzing the assets of organizations, businesses and individuals, in order to serve in decision-making and control, presenting the information previously recorded in a systematic and useful to stakeholders
51. Stakeholders. Are the people who can affect or are affected by the activities of a company